Board of Directors

Carmichael Roberts is a General Partner at North Bridge Venture Partners and the chairman of the board of 1366 Technologies Inc.

Prior to joining North Bridge, Carmichael co-founded and served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of WMR Biomedical, Inc., a company that develops implantable medical materials.

Before WMR Biomedical, Carmichael co-founded and served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Surface Logix, Inc., a drug optimization company.

Carmichael has also co-founded and served as a director of several other ventures, including Ancora Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a carbohydrate materials company, Nano-Terra, Inc., an electronics and industrial materials company, and Diagnostics For All, Inc., a non-profit organization that is developing a materials platform to make low cost diagnostics for the poor.

Prior to his entrepreneurial career, Carmichael worked in business development at GelTex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which was acquired by Genzyme for $1.3 billion.

Prior to GelTex, Carmichael was responsible for new product and business development in the Sentry Products Specialty Materials Division of Union Carbide Corporation.

Carmichael is mainly interested in companies that make products using chemistry, materials science and/or materials engineering. He primarily focuses on very early stage ventures, including helping founders launch companies from initial formation.

Carmichael received his B.S. and Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Duke University and completed his postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University.

Carmichael also received his M.B.A. from the MIT Sloan School of Management.

Experience:
Bob had three other careers in technological innovation before becoming a venture capitalist:

While an engineer-scientist (1965-1979), Bob helped pioneer the Internet. In 1973, at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, he invented Ethernet, the local-area networking (LAN) standard on which he shares four patents. Now, 35 years later, about 350 million new Ethernet ports are installed each year.

While an entrepreneur-executive (1979-1990), Bob founded 3Com Corporation, the billion-dollar networking company where at various times he was Chairman, CEO, division general manager, and vice president of engineering, sales, and marketing.
While a publisher-pundit (1990-2000), Bob was CEO of IDG’s InfoWorld Publishing Company (1992-1995). For eight years, he opined about the Internet in an InfoWorld column read weekly by half a million information technologists.
He pontificated at conferences, on radio and television, hosted his own weekly webcast, and produced events including ACM97, ACM1, Agenda, Pop!Tech, and Vortex.
Bob’s books include Packet Communication, Internet Collapses, and Beyond Calculation, all still available down the long tail at Amazon.com.

Boards:
Bob serves on the boards of Polaris-backed start-ups including 1366 Technologies, Ember, GreenFuel, Infinite Power Solutions, Mintera, SiCortex, and SiOnyx. Bob is also a director-trustee-advisor to Avistar, St. Mark’s School, USC Stevens Institute, MIT, and MIT’s Technology Review Magazine, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Energy Initiative.

Education:
Bob graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 with bachelor degrees in electrical engineering and in industrial management. He received a master degree in applied mathematics from Harvard University in 1970. In 1973, he received his Ph.D. in computer science from Harvard, where his dissertation was Packet Communication.

Awards:
In 1980, Bob received the Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
In 1988, he received the Bell Medal from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
In 1995, Bob was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 1996, he received the IEEE’s Medal of Honor.
In 1997, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, and in 1999, to the International Engineering Consortium.
In 2003, Bob received the Marconi Prize and was inducted into the prestigious Bay Shore High School Hall of Fame.
In a 2005 ceremony at the White House, Bob received the National Medal of Technology for his “leadership in the invention, standardization, and commercialization of Ethernet.”
Bob entered the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007.

Joe teaches Entrepreneurial Marketing in the MBA Program and Marketing Strategy in the Executive Education Program.

Joe holds the MBA Class of 1954 Chair and is a Professor of Management Practice.

He is Co-Faculty Advisor to the HBS Student Business Plan Contest. His academic research and professional work focus on high-potential ventures, including both those formed as new companies and those formed within existing organizations.

From 1994 to 1996, Joe was President of Wildfire Communications, a telecommunications software venture backed by Matrix Partners and Greylock Partners. From 1977 to 1994, Joe was Vice President of Teradyne, the NYSE-listed automatic test equipment manufacturer, and a member of its Management Committee.

Joe joined Teradyne in 1974 as a Product Manager while on sabbatical from MIT.

Joe received his BS, MS, and PhD from MIT and was awarded National Science Foundation, K.S. Adams, Jr. and Eugene and Margaret McDermott Fellowships. He was elected to Sigma Xi.

Reidar has over a decade of clean energy expertise.

He was one of the founders of both ScanWafer (1994) and REC (2000), which became one of the world’s leading solar companies.

Reidar held positions as chairman and CEO both in REC and its subsidiaries. He played a key role in connection with REC’s strategic acquisitions of ASiMI’s silicon plants both in 2002 and 2005.

In 2006 REC had the most successful clean energy IPO to date with an ~$8B market cap.

Reidar holds an MSc from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Professor Emanuel Sachs is the Chief Technical officer of 1366 Technologies Inc, a company he founded together with Frank van Mierlo.

The goal of 1366 is to make silicon solar cells cost competitive with coal generated electricity.

Emanuel Sachs is Fred Fort Flowers and Daniel Fort Flowers Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT and specializes in the design of manufacturing processes.

Dr. Sachs is the inventor of “String Ribbon”, a ribbon crystal growth process for making low cost substrates for solar cells, which is now being commercialized by Evergreen Solar, Inc. of Marlboro, MA.

Dr. Sachs co-invented Three Dimensional Printing, a manufacturing process for the creation of 3D parts directly from a computer model in layers. 3D Printing is being commercialized in fields-of-use including appearance models, ceramic molds for castings, direct metal tooling, end-use metal parts, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals.

Dr. Sachs is also known for work in the area of Process Control of VLSI fabrication and is a co-inventor of a plasma etch diagnostic tool now commercially available.

Prior to joining the MIT faculty, Dr. Sachs spent seven years working in the photovoltaics industry.

Dr. Sachs is the author or co-author of more than 110 technical papers and is the inventor or co-inventor of more than 40 patents.
Dr. Sachs was awarded the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees, all in Mechanical Engineering and all from MIT, in 1975, 1976, and 1983, respectively.

Dr. Sachs was a Hertz Foundation Fellow and earned the Hertz Foundation Doctoral Thesis Prize in 1983 for his work on String Ribbon.

Together with co-workers, Dr. Sachs was awarded an R&D 100 award in 1994 for his work on 3D Printing.

He has received several best paper awards.

Dr. Sachs is totally focused on PV for his research and he supervises a growing PV research group at MIT. The group is currently pursuing projects in wafer fabrication, surface texturing for light trapping, metallization, and light trapping at the module design level.

Related Patents:
1. Sachs, E., “String Stabilized Ribbon Growth”, US #4,661,200, April 28, 1987.
2. Sachs, E., “String Stabilized Ribbon Growth: A Method for Seeding Same”, US #4,689,109, August 25, 1987.
3. Sachs, E., “Melt Dumping in String Stabilized Ribbon Growth”, US #4,627,887, December 9, 1986.
4. Sachs, E., “Method and Apparatus for Crystal Growth”, WO/2004/035877, Pending – Filed October 18, 2002.
5. Sachs, E., “Light Capture with Patterned Solar Cell Bus Wires”, US Application No. 11/588,183, Filed October 26, 2006.

Frank van Mierlo started 1366 Technologies Inc. together with MIT professor Ely Sachs. The goal of 1366 Technologies is to make silicon based solar cells competitive with coal generated electricity. 1366 Technologies is commercializing improved manufacturing processes and the related equipment.

Products include: a patterning machine to make structured texturing, a dispensing machine that improves metallization and a Direct Wafer® machine that lowers the cost of making silicon wafers by 60%. 1366 Technologies is the second venture that Frank has started out of MIT.

His previous venture was Bluefin Robotics Corp., a company that enjoyed double digit growth and was always profitable under Frank’s leadership. Bluefin became the leading robotics company in its field and is known for its technical competence and a customer centric approach. The company maintained a strong balance sheet, a healthy cash flow and a team of highly qualified engineers. Frank held the team together under intense schedule and recruiting pressure. In May 2005 the company was sold, all employees cashed a significant check and shareholders made 442% return on their investment.

Frank holds engineering degrees from MIT and Stanford and a business degree from Insead. At 1366 Technologies he fulfills the role of CEO. His equal co-founder Professor Sachs is working fulltime at 1366 as CTO.